Safety and Outcome of Revascularization Treatment in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and COVID-19: The Global COVID-19 Stroke Registry.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: COVID-19 related inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and coagulopathy may increase the bleeding risk and lower efficacy of revascularization treatments in patients with acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to evaluate the safety and outcomes of revascularization treatments in patients with acute ischemic stroke and COVID-19. METHODS: Retrospective multicenter cohort study of consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or endovascular treatment (EVT) between March 2020 and June 2021, tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection. With a doubly-robust model combining propensity score weighting and multivariate regression, we studied the association of COVID-19 with intracranial bleeding complications and clinical outcomes. Subgroup analyses were performed according to treatment groups (IVT-only and EVT). RESULTS: Of a total of 15128 included patients from 105 centers, 853 (5.6%) were diagnosed with COVID-19. 5848 (38.7%) patients received IVT-only, and 9280 (61.3%) EVT (with or without IVT). Patients with COVID-19 had a higher rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.53; 95% CI 1.16-2.01), symptomatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SSAH) (OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.20-2.69), SICH and/or SSAH combined (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.23-1.99), 24-hour (OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.58-3.86) and 3-month mortality (OR 1.88; 95% CI 1.52-2.33).COVID-19 patients also had an unfavorable shift in the distribution of the modified Rankin score at 3 months (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.26-1.60). DISCUSSION: Patients with acute ischemic stroke and COVID-19 showed higher rates of intracranial bleeding complications and worse clinical outcomes after revascularization treatments than contemporaneous non-COVID-19 treated patients. Current available data does not allow direct conclusions to be drawn on the effectiveness of revascularization treatments in COVID-19 patients, or to establish different treatment recommendations in this subgroup of patients with ischemic stroke. Our findings can be taken into consideration for treatment decisions, patient monitoring and establishing prognosis.

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in healthcare workers: The experience of a Portuguese COVID-19 front-line hospital during the 1st pandemic wave.

Healthcare workers (HCW) are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we describe the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in HCW who work daily at a COVID-19 front-line hospital in Portugal. Methods: To this end, the seroprevalence of 1027 HCW, assessed after the peak of the first pandemic wave, was determined using the following immunoassays: Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA IgG (Euroimmun, Luebeck, Germany), Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago), and Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Total (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland). Results: We found a 2.7% seroprevalence, very close to the one determined in the community (2.9%) for the same period. Conclusions: This low SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence highlights the effectiveness of infection prevention and control measures implemented very early in the pandemic, namely the use of appropriate personal protective equipment.

Assessing SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies after BNT162b2 Vaccination and Their Correlation with SARS-CoV-2 IgG Anti-S1, Anti-RBD and Anti-S2 Serological Titers.

The humoral response through neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) is a key component of the immune response to COVID-19. However, the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), the gold standard for determining NAbs, is technically demanding, time-consuming and requires BSL-3 conditions. Correlating the NAbs and total antibodies levels, assessed by generalized and automated serological tests, is crucial. Through a commercial surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT), we aimed to evaluate the production of SARS-CoV-2 NAbs in a set of vaccinated healthcare workers and to correlate these NAbs with the SARS-CoV-2 IgG anti-S1, anti-RBD and anti-S2 serological titers. We found that 6 months after vaccination, only 74% maintain NAbs for the Wuhan strain/UK variant (V1) and 47% maintain NAbs for the South African and Brazil variants (V2). Through Spearman's correlation, we found the following correlations between the percentage of inhibition of NAbs and the SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, IL, USA) and BioPlex 2200 SARS-CoV-2 IgG Panel (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) immunoassays: rho = 0.87 (V1) and rho = 0.73 (V2) for anti-S1 assessed by Abbott assay; rho = 0.77 (V1) and rho = 0.72 (V2) for anti-S1, rho = 0.88 (V1) and rho = 0.82 (V2) for anti-RBD, and rho = 0.68 (V1) and rho = 0.60 (V2) for anti-S2 assessed by BioPlex assay (p < 0.001 for all). In conclusion, we found a strong correlation between this fast, user-friendly, mobile and bio-safe sVNT and the serological immunoassays.

Hospitals' Cybersecurity Culture during the COVID-19 Crisis.

The coronavirus pandemic led to an unprecedented crisis affecting all aspects of the concurrent reality. Its consequences vary from political and societal to technical and economic. These side effects provided fertile ground for a noticeable cyber-crime increase targeting critical infrastructures and, more specifically, the health sector; the domain suffering the most during the pandemic. This paper aims to assess the cybersecurity culture readiness of hospitals' workforce during the COVID-19 crisis. Towards that end, a cybersecurity awareness webinar was held in December 2020 targeting Greek Healthcare Institutions. Concepts of cybersecurity policies, standards, best practices, and solutions were addressed. Its effectiveness was evaluated via a two-step procedure. Firstly, an anonymous questionnaire was distributed at the end of the webinar and voluntarily answered by attendees to assess the comprehension level of the presented cybersecurity aspects. Secondly, a post-evaluation phishing campaign was conducted approximately four months after the webinar, addressing non-medical employees. The main goal was to identify security awareness weaknesses and assist in drafting targeted assessment campaigns specifically tailored to the health domain needs. This paper analyses in detail the results of the aforementioned approaches while also outlining the lessons learned along with the future scientific routes deriving from this research.

Safety of "hot" and "cold" site admissions within a high-volume urology department in the United Kingdom at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the safety of urological admissions and procedures during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic using "hot" and "cold" sites. The secondary objective is to determine risk factors of contracting COVID-19 within our cohort. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of all consecutive patients admitted from March 1 to May 31, 2020 at a high-volume tertiary urology department in London, United Kingdom. Elective surgery was carried out at a "cold" site requiring a negative COVID-19 swab 72-hours prior to admission and patients were required to self-isolate for 14-days preoperatively, while all acute admissions were admitted to the "hot" site.Complications related to COVID-19 were presented as percentages. Risk factors for developing COVID-19 infection were determined using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 611 patients, 451 (73.8%) male and 160 (26.2%) female, with a median age of 57 (interquartile range 44-70) were admitted under the urology team; 101 (16.5%) on the "cold" site and 510 (83.5%) on the "hot" site. Procedures were performed in 495 patients of which eight (1.6%) contracted COVID-19 postoperatively with one (0.2%) postoperative mortality due to COVID-19. Overall, COVID-19 was detected in 20 (3.3%) patients with two (0.3%) deaths. Length of stay was associated with contracting COVID-19 in our cohort (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.13-1.39). CONCLUSIONS: Continuation of urological procedures using "hot" and "cold" sites throughout the COVID-19 pandemic was safe practice, although the risk of COVID-19 remained and is underlined by a postoperative mortality.

Inequality, geographic situation, and meanings of action in the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. / Desigualdade, situação geográfica e sentidos da ação na pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil.

This Essay reflects on how socio-spatial inequalities and geographic situations condition the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, as well as actions to deal with the pandemic, with arguments backed by the literature. Socio-spatial inequality is defined as a process and structural condition of a territory marked by inherited and updated vulnerabilities, resulting from a relationship of exploitation, spoliation, and oppression in the current period of globalization. The authors argue that the COVID-19 pandemic can have more serious repercussions in contexts of greater socio-spatial inequality, with systemic and chronic deepening of the economic and social crises in places. Still, actions matter, including collaboration between different groups, institutions, and sectors. The analysis of geographic situation contributes to understanding the inherited territory and different experiences with COVID-19, inextricably linked to the conditions and meanings of action in the face of the pandemic in each place. Geographic situation expresses the tension between freedom and the condition for action. The crisis is not only a health crisis, but a manifestation of the current time, and inequality proves to be the most serious emergency of the 21st century.

Este Ensaio traz uma reflexão sobre como as desigualdades socioespaciais e as situações geográficas são condicionantes da pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil, assim como das ações para o seu enfrentamento. A bibliografia de apoio fundamenta os argumentos. Compreende-se a desigualdade socioespacial como processo e condição estrutural de um território marcado por vulnerabilidades herdadas e atualizadas, resultante da relação de exploração, espoliação e opressão no atual período da globalização. Argumenta-se que a pandemia da COVID-19 pode ter repercussões mais graves em contextos de maior desigualdade socioespacial, com aprofundamento sistêmico e duradouro das crises econômica e social nos lugares. Contudo, as ações importam, incluindo as articulações entre diversos grupos, instituições e setores. A análise da situação geográfica contribui para a compreensão do território herdado e das diferentes experiências da COVID-19 indissociavelmente das condições e dos sentidos da ação frente à pandemia, em cada lugar. A situação expressa a tensão entre a liberdade e a condição para a ação. A crise não é apenas sanitária, é um dado do período atual, e a desigualdade se revela como a maior emergência do século XXI.

Este Ensayo plantea una reflexión sobre cómo las desigualdades socioespaciales y las situaciones geográficas son condicionantes de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Brasil, así como sobre las acciones para luchar contra ella. La bibliografía de apoyo fundamenta los argumentos. Se entiende la desigualdad socioespacial como un proceso y condición estructural de un territorio, marcado por vulnerabilidades heredadas y actualizadas, resultantes de la relación de explotación, expolio y opresión en el marco del actual período de globalización. Se argumenta que la pandemia de COVID-19 puede tener repercusiones más graves en contextos de mayor desigualdad socioespacial, con una profundización sistémica y duradera de las crisis económicas y sociales en diferentes espacios. No obstante, las acciones importan, incluyendo la coordinación entre diversos grupos, instituciones y sectores. El análisis de situación geográfica contribuye a la comprensión del territorio heredado y de las diferentes experiencias de la COVID-19, indisociablemente de las condiciones y de los sentidos de la acción frente a la pandemia, en cada lugar. La situación expresa la tensión entre la libertad y la condición para la acción. La crisis no es solamente sanitaria, es un hecho propio de la era actual en la que nos encontramos, y la desigualdad se revela como la mayor emergencia del siglo XXI.

Inequality, geographic situation, and meanings of action in the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil Desigualdad, situación geográfica y sentidos de la acción sanitaria durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Brasil

Abstract: This Essay reflects on how socio-spatial inequalities and geographic situations condition the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, as well as actions to deal with the pandemic, with arguments backed by the literature. Socio-spatial inequality is defined as a process and structural condition of a territory marked by inherited and updated vulnerabilities, resulting from a relationship of exploitation, spoliation, and oppression in the current period of globalization. The authors argue that the COVID-19 pandemic can have more serious repercussions in contexts of greater socio-spatial inequality, with systemic and chronic deepening of the economic and social crises in places. Still, actions matter, including collaboration between different groups, institutions, and sectors. The analysis of geographic situation contributes to understanding the inherited territory and different experiences with COVID-19, inextricably linked to the conditions and meanings of action in the face of the pandemic in each place. Geographic situation expresses the tension between freedom and the condition for action. The crisis is not only a health crisis, but a manifestation of the current time, and inequality proves to be the most serious emergency of the 21st century.